Gene expression and cellular regulation Epithalon's broader cellular effects: Modulates over 100 genes related to aging and longevity Upregulates genes involved in DNA repair Downregulates pro-inflammatory genes Influences antioxidant enzyme production Affects genes controlling cellular metabolism Key gene expression changes: Upregulated (increased): Telomerase (hTERT gene) Antioxidant enzymes (SOD, catalase, glutathione peroxidase) DNA repair enzymes Cell survival genes (Bcl-2 family) Collagen synthesis genes (in some tissues) Downregulated (decreased): Pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-alpha) Pro-apoptotic genes (excessive cell death) Senescence-associated genes Oxidative stress markers Cellular pathways affected: Mitochondrial function : Improved energy production Autophagy : Enhanced cellular cleanup Protein synthesis : Better quality proteins Immune regulation : Balanced response Hormone production : More youthful levels Why gene regulation matters: Aging partly driven by gene expression changes Restoring youthful gene patterns reverses age-related decline Multiple pathways = comprehensive anti-aging effect Not just one mechanism (telomeres) but systemic optimization Similar comprehensive effects seen with other anti-aging peptides like GHK-Cu and thymalin
Silva DF, Empadinhas N, Cardoso SM, Esteves AR (2022) Neurodegenerative microbially-shaped diseases: oxidative stress meets neuroinflammation
it was Im scared to inject B12 again even though I really feel I need it, I was really good on weekly injections then it was the stopping and starting that caused all the problems I was doing okay on monthly until recently and now when I have B12 I get side effects like heart symptoms as my body goes through the healing process
Signs and symptoms of copper toxicity include: Metallic taste in your mouth Anemia Pain or burning in the abdomen Nausea Vomitting Diarrhea Bloody or bluish colored stool Skin irritation Fever Body chills Fatigue Poor balance and coordination What Should You Do If You Take Too Much GHK-Cu
Do nerve conduction studies or ultrasound imaging correlate more closely with subjective symptom severity in carpal tunnel syndrome
